tumor-microenvironment
SPP1+ tumor-associated macrophages are a macrophage state marked by expression of SPP1 (osteopontin) that differentiates in response to hypoxic conditions within the tumor microenvironment. Across multiple human cancers, SPP1+ TAMs have been associated with tissue hypoxia, poor prognosis, and reduced responsiveness to immunotherapy, making SPP1 expression a commonly used marker for identifying hypoxic, immunosuppressive regions of a tumor.
Related terms
Source papers
- Hypoxia shapes both therapeutic response and resistance in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2026.05.007