PDO (Patient-Derived Organoid)

A patient-derived organoid (PDO) is a three-dimensional ex vivo culture system established directly from a patient’s own tumor tissue, typically grown in an extracellular-matrix scaffold (e.g., Matrigel) with tissue-specific niche factors. PDOs are used to model tumor biology and drug response in a setting that better preserves the original tissue’s cellular architecture than conventional 2D cell lines, and can be co-cultured with matched stromal or immune cells to study cell-cell interactions.