CANTOS Trial

The Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) is a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that tested canakinumab, an antibody that blocks the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), for cardiovascular disease prevention. Although designed primarily to study cardiovascular outcomes, CANTOS also reported a dose-dependent reduction in lung cancer incidence among canakinumab-treated participants, making it an important source of evidence that anti-inflammatory therapy targeting IL-1β can reduce cancer risk before disease is clinically established.